The Development of Penetration Charges for Increasing the Efficiency of the Interventions of Fire Rescue Service Units

During building fires is often necessary to deliver nozzles with water to the desired point of intervention and the wall or ceiling must be penetrated for energy supply and the entrance of persons. Access openings for extinguishing are created with hand tools or explosives, but it is a very time-consuming activity and fragmented material may endanger persons. Another possibility is the use of charges with a water layer, which absorbs the shock wave of the explosion at the back and at the same time significantly suppresses the fragmentation of the building element on which the charge acts. The penetration charge developed in two versions allows a sufficient penetration of the partitio

Application of water cumulative charges as a water spouts for intensive flame extinguishing

Shape cumulative charge is a set of explosive components that uses directional energy accumulation. The water cumulative charges are filled with water, which forms a water-directed beam that has the ability to effectively counteract the intense flame that is induced by gaseous flammable gas or liquid from the damaged gas duct and extinguishes it. Study contains description of the experimentally constructed cumulative charge as well as the analysis of results of experiments carried out in real conditions. Based on the facts gained from the experiments we can conclude that the cumulative water charge has a significant potential and possibilities to extinguish an intense flame.Web of Science68326426

Possible IED threat to airport premises during security X-ray inspection

key elements of critical infrastructure, belonging to the very high risk category. Any infringement leading to limitation or complete shutdown would cause considerable economic and psychological damage. The most important task is to ensure high quality and reliable physical and technical protection of the airport, because especially in the summer months these areas collect large numbers of people and a possible terrorist attack could be fatal. This paper focuses on assessing the possibilities of solving the problem of IEDs hidden in travel luggage, and their initiation by X-rays during security check

Verification of the efficacy of the special water shaped charge prototype

On the basis of an analysis of terrorist attacks carried out worldwide, where in recent years a preference for the use of bulk explosives placed in vehicles prevails, effective protection against these malicious explosive-containing systems that have a single goal - to cause death and significant material damage in a large radius is dealt. These improvised explosive devices are, in pyrotechnical terms, ranked as one of the most effective weapons, with a highly destructive character of explosive effect. A special water shaped charge that is able to destructively disassemble a bomb without initiation has been developed as an effective invasive means of eliminating similarly designed terrorist explosives hidden in cars, a condition which allows for considerable variation in location.Web of Science65536636

Advanced Methods of Detecting Explosives in Improvised Explosives Devices

Bomb disposal squads who identify and test improvised explosives devices and ordnance mostly use dogs, metal detectors, traditional detectors of trace particles and portable X-ray devices. Magnetometers and ground-penetrating radar devices are used to find ordnance under the ground, and sonar is used to find ordnance under water. In some cases, however, it would also be appropriate to make use of certain advanced methods of detecting explosives, such as quadrupole resonance, neutron in - gamma out, and optical methods of stand-off detection

The development of special sequentially-timed charges for breaking frozen waterways

This article documents the development of the noninvasive use of explosives during the destruction of ice mass in river fl ows. The system of special sequentially-timed charges utilizes the increase in effi ciency of cutting charges by covering them with bags fi lled with water, while simultaneously increasing the effect of the entire system of timed charges. Timing, spatial combinations during placement, and the linking of these charges results in the loosening of ice barriers on a frozen waterway, while at the same time regulating the size of the ice fragments. The developed charges will increase the operability and safety of IRS units

Using streamlined bomb disposal improvised exposive devices

Import 04/02/2014Cílem disertační práce je analyzovat problematiku spojenou s použitím usměrněných náloží k likvidaci nástražných výbušných systémů (dále jen NVS) se speciálním zaměřením na možnost deaktivace a eliminace dvou zvláště nebezpečných typů NVS. V prvním případě se jedná o NVS, který je konstrukčně řešen jako tzv. „trubková bomba“, která působí při svém výbuchu na okolí nejen likvidačními účinky tlakové vlny použité výbušniny, ale také zejména masívní fragmentací použitého kovového obalu. Účinek jejího výbušného projevu lze přirovnat k účinkům výbuchů dělostřeleckých granátů. V druhém případě se jedná o tzv. „velkoobjemovou nálož“, která je umístěna v automobilu. Obalem tohoto typu NVS je samotná karoserie nákladového prostoru použitého motorového vozidla, který může pojmout obsahově cca 50 ÷ 3 000 kilogramů výbušniny. Velké množství výbušniny v případě teroristického útoku představuje ve své podstatě už tak značnou hrozbu pro široké okolí a použití automobilu tuto hrozbu ještě znásobuje variabilitou, tedy možností, tento použitý objem výbušniny nepozorovaně a rychle dopravit na dané místo určení. Povaha obou vybraných typů NVS je tedy z pyrotechnického a bezpečnostního pohledu velmi specifická. V případě trubkové bomby je hlavní překážkou uzavřený kovový obal, ve kterém je uložena trhavina a v případě velkoobjemové nálože pak velké množství použité výbušniny, její mobilita a předpokládané zabezpečení proti otevření či manipulaci při deaktivačním zásahu pyrotechnika. Ve většině případů jsou tyto NVS charakteristické nastražením v lokacích, kde mohou způsobit při svém výbuchu vysoké ztráty na lidských životech, nebo značné materiální škody. V současnosti se v České republice pro eliminaci a likvidaci těchto druhů NVS používají jen tři typy zásahových pyrotechnických prostředků. Jedná se o vodní rozstřelovač, brokovnici a příložnou trhavinovou nálož k provedení tzv. řízeného výbuchu NVS. Tyto dosud zavedené pyrotechnické prostředky, při jejich metodologickém použití selhávají v konfrontaci s uvedenými typy NVS ve dvou podstatných aspektech, pokud jejich použití vůbec přichází v úvahu. Prvním z aspektů je fakt, že v rámci invazivní metody rozebrání či likvidace je použití vodního rozstřelovače a brokovnice proti trubkové bombě a velkoobjemové náloži zcela neúčinné. V prvním případě vzhledem ke značné odolnosti uzavřeného kovového obalu a v druhém případě vzhledem k velkému množství výbušniny, které je uložené v použitém typu vozidla. Druhým aspektem je reálná nutnost použití takových prostředků, které svým účinkem umožní zachování svědečných důkazů od autorů uvedených typů NVS pro potřeby kriminalisticko-technické expertízy. Metoda přiložení trhavinové nálože k provedení řízeného výbuchu NVS se jeví z tohoto pohledu jako zcela neprofesionální, neboť ve své podstatě způsobí zmaření naprosté většiny těchto relevantních stop. Na základě těchto konstatování jsou v disertační práci teoreticky navrženy a v reálných podmínkách otestovány speciální usměrněné nálože, které splňují podmínky pro bezpečnou deaktivaci a likvidaci zmíněných typů NVS. Současně je předložen i návrh technického řešení v podobě navržených prototypů usměrněných náloží a jejich designerová vizualizace. Disertační práce tedy přináší inovativní řešení pyrotechnické eliminace a likvidace uvedených typů NVS. Nabízí nové konstrukce zásahových prostředků a experimentální ověření jejich funkčnosti s ohledem na možnost rychlého a spolehlivého vyřešení nebezpečných situací při procesu deaktivace zvláště nebezpečných NVS.The aim of this dissertation thesis is to analyze the possibility of using directed explosive charges to eliminate improvised explosive devices (IEDs) with special attention to two especially dangerous types of IEDs. The first type is designed as a “tube bomb”, which, if exploded, combines the effect of a shock wave and massive fragmentation of the metal casing. The explosion of a tube bomb in this respect resembles explosion of an artillery shell. The second type could be described as “high volume explosive charge”, which is placed in a vehicle. The outer shell of this IED is the body of the vehicle's cargo space, which can contain from 50 to 3000 kg of explosives. The large quantity of explosive is a considerable threat during an actual terrorist attack, the use of vehicle enhances this threat further by enabling the high volume explosive charge to be moved quickly and unobserved to the designated site. The nature of each IED type is specific with regards to neutralization. The main obstacle of successful disarming of the tube bomb is the sealed metal casing containing the explosive. In case of the high volume explosive charge the danger is not only the accumulated volume of explosives and the mobility of the charge but also the security measures applied in order to prevent opening of the container or manipulation with it. In the vast majority of cases these types of IEDs are planted on sites where they can cause high casualties and material damage. Currently, there are only three types of means of intervention used for elimination of IEDs in the Czech Republic. These are water disruptors, shotguns and external explosive charges used for a so-called controlled explosion of IED. These methods and devices fail to deliver results when confronted with the discussed types of IEDs for two main reasons. Firstly, the use of a water disruptor or a shotgun against the tube bomb or the high volume explosive charge is entirely inefficient. In the former case this is due to the metal casing and in the latter due to the large quantity of explosives contained within the vehicle. Secondly, it is essential to use such means of elimination of IEDs that allow preservation of evidence that can effectively be used for conviction of the criminal based on the expert criminalistic examination. Thus, especially the controlled explosion method appears to be highly unprofessional as it inevitably leads to almost all the relevant evidence being destroyed. Based on the statements discussed above, this thesis offers a solution in form of special directed explosive charges that are both theoretically designed and field-tested in relation to safe deactivation of the specific types of IEDs. At the same time there are both technical specifications and project visualizations of the directed explosive charge prototypes included. This dissertation thesis proposes an innovative solution of pyrotechnical deactivation of IEDs defined as tube bomb and high volume explosive charge. It presents newly designed means of intervention and experimentally proves their functionality with regards to a swift and reliable resolution of threats associated with the elimination of the highly dangerous IED types mentioned above.Prezenční050 - Katedra ochrany obyvatelstvavyhově

Development of Alternative Projectile to Deactivate an Improvised Explosive Device - Pipe Bomb

The article describes a possibility of dealing with the problem represented by an improvised explosive device in the form of a pipe bomb so that the problem may be solved quickly and reliably, i.e. so that the pipe bomb may be deactivated without explosion. The article describes the development of an alternative projectile that will replace the water content in the water gun; thus it will make it possible to remove metallic end caps closing pipe bombs so that the bombs can be disassembled without explosion, and subsequently to subject the dismantled parts to forensic examination to detect a designer of the improvised pipe bomb

Development and Testing of Rescue Destruction Charges for the Demolition of Statically Unstable Buildings

Due to the industrial accidents (the effects of explosion of improvised explosive devices or gas) or other unexpected events, heavily damaged buildings represent threat to environment. Generally, their damage is so serious that their reconstruction is not considered and the only solution is a demolition. Advantageously emergency shaped explosive charges can be used in these risk situations of buildings that are beyond repair. With such shaped charges is possible to execute a fast and effective implosion of an unstable building without the posing any threathening effects on surrounding, mainly in urban areas. This papers is focused on the design and development of mentioned shaped explosive charges, their testing in the field test and practical applications

Development of a Water Spout for the Active Extinguishing of the Focus of an Intense Flame While Using the Cumulative Effect of an Explosive Charge

The topic of the article is devoted to the experimental development of directional charges, which have a front part filled with water and are thus capable of forming a high velocity water jet, which has intense cooling effects and is accompanied by a shock wave created by the explosion of the charge. The water jet can then be used to extinguish the flame from an intense fire epicenter caused, for example, by a gas pipe failure, a tank with flammable liquid or an oil well. The text is accompanied with the visual design of the water spout prototype, including the experimental test of extinguishing the focus of an intense flame caused by various sources